Last updated on July 5th, 2024 at 07:19 pm

Motherboard is computers main and most important part. Computer has many different parts like hard disk, Ram, CPU, Graphics card, etc. but it’s a motherboard who combine all this different parts and works together. Let’s look at the different part of motherboard.

Motherboard is one the most complex PCB. There are lots of chips, circuits and connectors in motherboard, all other computer hardware like CPU, RAM, HARDDISK, Graphics Card, keyboards are attached to motherboard. Motherboard has different size and connection. You can not use any parts or cpu or ram with any motherboards. You have to choose part which is compatible with your board.

SIZE:

So where is the motherboard in computers? If you have desktop pc then your board is in your big tower case. Motherboard is biggest part of computers. There are various size of board. But mainly there are  5 sizes that given below.

1. ATX : This size of motherboard is 12 x 9.6 inches.
2. E-ATX: Extended ATX which is 12 x 13 inches.
3. XL-ATX: The biggest size of board only few company are manufacturing and only big company which need powerful computers are buying them.
4. Micro- ATX : This is size of rectangle motherboard which is 9.6 x 9.6 inches.
5. Mini-ATX: the smallest board in size which is 6.7 x 6.7 inches.

There are 15 main parts of motherboards:

CPU Socket :

                CPU socket is the place where the pc most important part CPU are attached. CPU which known as brain of PC. Every part of computer are connected with CPU directly or indirectly. You can not use any CPU in  any motherboard. You have to match CPU SOCKET and motherboard socket.

CHIPSET:

                Chipset is also most important part of motherboard like CPU. Main use of Chipset is to communicate between parts of motherboard like CPU, HARDdisk, ports etc. Chipset model which tell you which CPU and hardware are compatible with your motherboard. Chipset are pre built with motherboard. You can not upgrade or change the chipset in motherboard.  ChipSet are two different chip which control the motherboard. One on NortheBridge and second is Southbridge.

Northbridge:

 also known as MCH or “memory controller hub”. It control northside of motherboard. The very fast communication device handle by Northbridge. CPU, Graphics Card, PCI slot Ram are handle by this  chip.

Southbridge:

                Southbridge a special chip which control low speed device and input devices USB, mouse, keyboards, harddisk etc, this all device first send signal to southbridge and then it forward this signals to northbridge.

In modern motherboard are now equipped with single chipset. Which control all the parts.

DIMM slot or RAM slot:

 RAM means “Random acess memory”, this is the main memory of computers. But it is temporary, it stores only for some time. When you just restart the computer all memory in ram are deleted automatically. There are many types of RAM like DRAM, SDRAM, DDR RAM, SR RAM etc.. there size are also from 2 GB to 64 GB.

PCI slot:

                PCI means “Peripheral Components interconnected”. The  main work of this Slot is add new parts in your board like USB port, SSD CARD, Sound card, serial ports . Today the more advanced version of this ports also known as PCI-E which E means Express. Every PCI-E lane identified by numbers like x1, x4, x8, x16, in which x1 is smallest and x16 are biggest.

M.2 port and U.2 port:

                The modern laptops and desktops are now using SSD storage devices. M.2 port used for very advanced ssd. This ssd are smaller then size of RAM. U.2 port also used for more bigger SSD for SPEED and performance.

AGP slot:

                AGP means” Accelerated graphics port” which used for graphics card in pc. It will increase performance of pc. This port developed by intel company.

SATA port:

                SATA mainly used in old computers. The complete name is “Serial ATA”. Most common use of this port is attach 2.5 inch and 3.5 inch Harddisk drive, DVD drive, BD drive like optical drive. Today the advanced version of this port Known as “SATAe”. Which is more faster.

Different type of connectors ports:

                This port are mainly used for connecting other port like USB, HDMI, SERIAL, Parallel, VGA, Networking etc.. The know more about every port of computer read this article here.

ESATAp:

 This port is different than SATAe port.  This port is mix of SATA and USB.

BIOS:

                BIOS means “Basic input /output system”. This is special program which control the function of motherboard. When you start the pc it will run automatically. The main work of this program is data management between different parts. It check automatically that every part of computer is working and place it correctly.

UEFI:

                UEFI means “Unified Extensible Firmware interface”. This system also work like bios. But main difference between this two system is UEFI is much more advanced then BIOS. Most of modern computer are equipped with this system.

Power supply connector:

                 Power supply connector or PSU. The main works of this system is provide power to different parts of motherboard and hardware. The different parts need different types of power volts. The main connector with 20 or 24 pins. Other connecter are 4 pin connectors which known as Molex connectors. Some connectors are 6 pins also.

This is the main parts of motherboards. Note that  every board don’t have all the ports and parts. It depends on manufacturing company, price, and time of boards.

sources: wikipedia , Tomshardware, Intel, Computerhope,

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