Motherboard is computers main and most important part. Computer has many different parts like hard disk, Ram, CPU, Graphics card, etc. but it’s a motherboard who combine all this different parts and works together. Let’s look at the different part of motherboard.
motherboard
Motherboard is one the most complex PCB. There are lots of chips, circuits and connectors in motherboard, all other computer hardware like CPU, RAM, HARDDISK, Graphics Card, keyboards are attached to motherboard. Motherboard has different size and connection. You can not use any parts or cpu or ram with any motherboards. You have to choose part which is compatible with your board.
Here is 7 different types of computers in today’s world. Its impossible today to think life without computers.
early computers are very big and bulky. Very low on computation, as technology grows now, now a computers can fit into your hand. There are many types of computers. According to size, power, purpose.
Some time we are calling the the cabinet of the pc as CPU. But its not. The cabinet that it contain important parts like motherboard, ram, Harddisk. The CPU is on motherboard. CPU means Central processing unit. Lets look all its detail.
CPU or central processing units main task is to follow orders and assign works to other parts. The CPU just a small chip which can be mounted on main circuit board call as mother board. And then other important parts of pc like harddisk, ram, Graphics card, attached to motherboard.
What inside CPU?
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There are lots of transistors in CPU. This transistor understand 0 and 1. There are billion of transistor in one single CPU. Generally Intel I7 series processor have 1.75 billion transistor. And the the size of chip is just in milimeters.
If we talk about mobile processor there are slightly different. Some time its also called “SOC” or System on Chip. In mobile phone we cannot place different chip for different purpose. So on chip it has GPU, RAM, MODEM, ROM, WIFI, Blutooth. One chip for all solution.
મોબાઈલ પ્રોસેસર soc
If you ever have read description for CPU it like this
Intel Core i7 4700 K quad core Skylake 2.4 GHZ , shared L2, L3 cache, 47 W , BGA 1364
Now lets understand what that means.
The first is Name of company Intel.
I7 is the name of processor. There are lots of othe like I3, I5
4700 the First digit 4 tell the generation of processor. It means this is 4th generation processor. Other 3 digit is SKU code of processor.
K is a suffix for processor it tell that it can be over clocked. All generation of intel processor have different suffix. You better check in website for that meaning
QUAD CORE: Its means it have 4 core. Dual means 2, hexa means 6, and octa means 8. One core can as perform as single processor so 4 core means it have power for 4 processor. It will increase multitasking of computers.
SKYLAKE: this is a codename of processor. Intel give a code name to every processor. Which use different type of technology.
L2,L3 Cache: This is one type of memory which is on the processor. Usually this type of memory is always in some megabytes. But its fastest memory from other. The information that need by processor first comes in this memory and also it have information which need next by processor. So it will faster the speed of execution.
47W: The power consume by the CPU. This CPU need 47 Watt of power to run.
BGA 1364: This is type of socket it have. When ever you select processor make sure your motherboard support the same socket as your processor have. Different processor have different sockets.
Now lets look in this video how this processor are made
This is how cpu made
AMD also use the different code name for its processor. But basic are sames.
FOR PC intel, and amd are leading the markets. In Mobile processor there are companies like Qualcomm, Samsung, TSMC, MEDIATECH are big brands.
There are lots of different ports available in computers. Each one have its own roles, different sizes. Now let’s see all types of ports and its roles in computers.
all type of computer ports and connector
Today there are lots of computer ports available like USB, HDMI, VGA, etc etc. if you want to buy new laptop or pc you should know how many ports and which ports are in computers. There are six category of computers ports (1) USB (2) storage (3) Network/communication (4) Audio (5)Video (6)Power
There are different sub category and version of every ports. lets check them
USB port is now most common port in PC. You can do data transfer or add other devices to your PC like keyboard, GamePad, Printers, etc. There are Four different versions of USB and also subversion of it. USB ports starts in 1995. IBM, Microsoft, Intel, Compaq like big Tech companies create a joint forum for implement of USB. This fourm is now making rules and version of USB ports. Now USB have Five version till date. Lets see every version.
all USB generation with logos and speed
USB 1.0: The first version of USB Called 1.0. It can send data at the speed of 1.5Mbit/s(MegaBit per seconds) and Maximum 12 Mbits. But this ports are out of date and no one use this version anymore.
USB 2.0: This version is most common USB port in computers. Released in april 2000. The data transfer rate of this version is 280Mbit/s to 400 Mbit/s. The USB 2.0 port is always in black color.
USB 3.0: released 2008 when data used increased by PC. So new high speed port released. This 3.0 ports supports 400 MBPS. Today every new laptop and pc come with this new port. This port is always in blue color. And also a backward compatible. So you can use 2.0 USB devices in this port.
USB 3.1: This new generation high speed port offer 10GBPS transfer rate. HD movies, or very big file can transfer in minutes. This port also known as USB SS or SuperSpeed. This is an advanced version of 3.0. there is also gen-1 and gen-2 in this Port.
All USB logos and their types
USB Type C: This technology is brand new. The special port and connector. This port may be future. Today every big company adopted this standard and we will see this in every mobile phones, Laptops, and every Gadgets. The what special about this port is its compatibility. You can connect with the both side of this port. You can charge phones and laptops, tablets with this port.
After knowing USB Port and its generation you must also know about its connector. Lets see all types of connectors.
USB type A: The most common connector you see every day. The most common is our pendrive. All type USB 1.0,2.0,3.0, are using same size connector and backward compatible.
USB Type B: This connector is square in size. This connector used in printers, scaners, External Harddrives. Usb 1.0 and 2.0 Type b connector are same. But USB 3.0 size is changed and its not backward compatible.
USB Connectors
USB MINI-A/ USB MINI-B: This type of connector is used first generation of Cameras and Phones
USB Micro-A/ USB Micro-B: when mobile phone becomes more and more small. Its become necessary to create new and portable port that fits into its size. And in 2007 USB microport become standards. Today all mobile have this port.
ThunderBolt:
This Technology is jointly developed by Apple and Intel company. This port is used for data transfer and also many other use. The most important of this port is this port can be used in other port also. That’s means with one port can use for two different purpose. This technology developed in 2011. And every Apple laptop have this port. This port have total 3 different version. This port is identified by Thunder logo on its port. if both port have thunderbolt port icon then it wil support it.
thunderbolt port
Now lets look at its version
ThunderBolt 1: support data transfer rate at 10 GBPS. Its more speed then USB 3.0.
ThunderBolt 2 : This version support 20GBPS speed and its also a backward compatible and support 4K Video monitor.
Thunderbolt 3: There is lots of change in this version. This version supports 40 GBPS transfer rate which is fastest port available in market. This port support two 4K monitor simultaneously. Also use for computer networking. Also compatible with USB-C connector.
HDMI means High Defination Multimedia Interface. This is one type of display technology. Mostly used for very high defination audio and video resolution. One of the most common port used in laptops,DVD and BLU-ray players, LCD AND LED tvs. This Technology is developed by 8 tech companies. They jointly form a HDMI fourm. Now this fourm has 83 companies. The first version og HDMI launched in 2002. Today there are 7 version of HDMI.
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
2.0
2.1
Resolution
1920×1200
60 HZ
1920×1200
60 HZ
1920×1200
60 HZ
2560×1600
60 HZ
3840×2160
4096×2160
૩D:1920×1080
4096 x 2160 (4k)
૩D:1920X1080
4K,5K,8K,10K
Also 3D supported
If you want buy a HDMI compatible device always check for version 2.0. the most common version of hdmi is 1.4 and 2.0. its also use different type of connector like USB. There are five type of connectors.
Type A: This is a one regular size HDMI connector and almost all TV and laptop have this connector.
Type B: This IS a dual link connector. But very rarely used.
Type C: also known as MINI HDMI mostly used in gaming consoles, Video Recorders types of deveces.
Type D: also Known as Micro HDMI used in tablets and Mobile Phones.
Type E: This type of Connector mostly used in automotive electronics.
Now the HDMI cable also come in five different types.
1 HDMI Standard Cable:
2 HDMI Standard with EtherNet:
3 HDMI Standard with Automative:
4 HDMI Highspeed:
5 HDMI highspeed with Ethernet:
DisplayPort:
This port Technology much like HDMI technology. Developed by Video Electronics Standard Association(VESA). To remove issues in DVI port and VGA port this DisplayPort is used. Also a backward compatible you can use cable for DVI and VGA. This technology have five Version 1.0 ,1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4. the latest one 1.4 support 8K resolution.
This port have 3 different types of connector.
thunderbolt port
1 Standard , 2 MINI, 3 Micro
The standard and mini connector mostly used in business class laptop. Even Graphics Card also use this technology. The DisplayPort IS royalty free port technology so some companies used their own Port on this base technology. Like DDM(Direct Drive Monitor), eDP(embedded DisplayPort), IDP(Internal DisplayPort), PDPI, WDP, SlimPort, DisplayID, DockPort etc .
DVI:
DVI stands for Digital Visual Interface. One of the most common port used in pc. This technology designed in 1999. Its support 1920×1200 and 2560×1600 resolution. This port is always in white color, DVI-A, DVI-D, DVI-I, Stand for digital and analog. Where D And I also two category Single link and dual link, There is also a Mini and Micro Version of This Port. the biggeset drawback of this port is it cant support audio.
VGA:
One of the Oldest port in PC and still used. VGA means Video Graphics Array. Developed by IBM in 1987. VGA port always in Blue Color and both side have screw. This port is only support video not audio. This connector also known as DE-15 beacause it has 15 pins. Support 1920×1080
PS/2:
This two port connect mouse and keyboard. Ps/2 means personal system 2. Beacause its first used in IBM PS/2 computer system. The purple color port used for keyboard and green color port used in mouse. But now a days USB has taken this port.
Serial Port:
This port also known as COM port. This port is used for communication port. Transfer data bit by bit.one of the oldest port in PC. Its still used in lots of pc and old devices like CNC machines, modem, old printers, text based displayboards and some special industrialist PC. Its used Two types of connector DB-9 and DB-25.
Parallel port:
This port known as LPT port or printer port. This port also developed by IBM. The serial port send data bit by bit while serial port send 8 bit per seconds. This port also used for connecting Printer,scanner,external hard disk. This port connector known as DB-25.
Firewire port:
This port also known as 1394 port. designed by Apple company. This port more like USB port. This port has four version. Firewire-400, Firewire-800,Firewire-1600,Firewire-3200. This port very popular until 2013 but now Thundebolt port and USB port take its place. This port can transfer data at 400 mbps to 800 mbps.
Ethernet Port:
This port used for connecting computers and create networks of computers. The connector of this port known as RJ-45. Today every modem and routers come with this port.
This is a audio port. you can see this port in Desktop and laptops. There are two separate ports for desktop one for headphone and one for mic. While laptop have single two in one port. This port have 3 standard 2.5 mm, 3.5 mm and 6.5 mm, the 3.5 mm port is most commonly used port in laptops and mobiles phones. The pin used two different setting called TRS and TRRS. And other setting used for other audio devices.
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